651-2010/01 – Theory of Technological Processes (TTP)
| Gurantor department | Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes | Credits | 6 |
| Subject guarantor | prof. Ing. Jana Dobrovská, CSc. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Jana Dobrovská, CSc. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | | |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2022/2023 | Year of cancellation | |
| Intended for the faculties | FMT | Intended for study types | Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
The aim of the course is to deepen students' knowledge of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics of the thermodynamics of solutions and apply this knowledge to the technology of preparation of metallic materials. Graduates of the course will be able to characterize solutions - Raoult and Henry's law, ideal and non-ideal solutions, thermodynamic functions of solutions, activity of a component in solution, thermodynamic models of solutions. They will be able to apply chemical thermodynamics and kinetics to pyrometallurgical processes - thermal dissociation, reduction of metal oxides, Boudouard reaction. They will be able to monitor and analyze the processes and interactions between metal melts and the gaseous atmosphere, as well as monitor and analyze the processes between metal melts and oxide melts. They will be able to characterize the physical properties of melts - molten metals and oxide melts and apply the acquired theoretical knowledge to selected technological processes.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Individual consultations
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Summary
The topic of the subject is theoretical foundation in the area of application of the physical chemistry principles to particular technological processes.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Additional study materials
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
FULL-TIME STUDY
List of conditions for obtaining of credit:
- required attendance at the exercises
- two written tests
- passing the required number of laboratory exercises, elaboration and defense
of laboratory protocols.
Points scoring for credit:
Min. number of points - 20
Max. number of points - 45
Points scoring for examination - combined examination.
The examination consists of two parts - written and oral examination.
Written examination (min. number of points - 5, max. number of points - 15)
Oral examination (min. number of points - 10, max. number of points - 40)
COMBINED STUDY
List of conditions for obtaining of credit:
- required attendance at the exercise
- elaboration of the specified calculation program
Points scoring for credit:
Min. number of points - 15
Max. number of points - 30
Points scoring for examination
Oral examination (min. number of points - 25, max. number of points - 70)
E-learning
Other requirements
No other activities are required.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
1. Solutions and their classification. Nonelectrolyte solutions, ideal and
real solutions. The Raoult’s law and Henry’s law. Real solutions,
definition of the standard states for component in binary solutions,
deviation from Raoult´s and Henry´s law, activity and activity
coefficient.
2. Thermodynamic properties of multicomponent solutions, activities and
interaction coefficients.
3. Thermodynamic functions of solutions. Partial molar quantities.
Differential and integral quantities. Mixing and excess quantities.
Thermodynamic models of solutions – ideal, real, regular and athermal
solution. The Gibbs-Duhem equation, applications.
4. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of fundamental technological
reactions. Equilibrium in a system containing condensed phases and gaseous
phases. The thermal dissociation of compounds. The thermal dissociation
temperature and pressure.
5. The indirect chemical reduction of metal oxide. The Boudouard reaction,
thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, significance, technological use of
Boudouard reaction. The direct reduction of metal oxide. Graphical
representation of equilibria in the system metal – oxygen – carbon.
6. The mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition and reduction.
Topochemical reaction, characteristics, models. The Jander´s equation. The
metal oxidation kinetics.
7. Molten metal theories. The structure and physical properties of liquid
metals – viscosity, surface tension, vaporization, sublimation, melting,
transformation of the crystalline form.
8. The crystallisation. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation,
physicochemical analysis of process, critical radius of embryo and its
dependence on selected factors.
9. Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal. The Sievert's
law – solubility dependence on selected factors. The influence of gas
pressure on the solubility of gas in liquid metals.
10. Molten slags, theory of slags. The molecular and ionic theory of slags.
The classification of ions in slags, basicity of slags. Physicochemical
properties of slags - structure, viscosity, surface tension,
electrochemical properties.
11. The Temkin´s model of ideal ionic melts, thermodynamic quantities of ideal
ionic solution. Non-ideal ionic solution, characteristics of selected
theories.
12. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of raffination processes. The
distribution of components between two immiscible liquids, Nernst’s
distribution law, distribution coefficient, distribution reactions between
slag and metal.
13. Rafination reactions – desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation of
slags, thermodynamic and kinetic description of rafination processes.
14. Nonmetallic phases in metal. The formation and growth of inclusions,
thermodynamic and kinetic factors.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction