338-0303/02 – Hydraulic Devices of Machines (HZS)
| Gurantor department | Department of Hydromechanics and Hydraulic Equipment | Credits | 4 |
| Subject guarantor | doc. Dr. Ing. Lumír Hružík | Subject version guarantor | doc. Ing. Bohuslav Pavlok, CSc. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
| Year | 3 | Semester | winter |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2001/2002 | Year of cancellation | 2012/2013 |
| Intended for the faculties | FS | Intended for study types | Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
Students will learn the basic concepts of fluid mechanisms,
the composition of hydraulic and pneumatic circuits, basic hydraulic
and pneumatic components, their functions, structures, characteristics, using
in circuits. Based on this knowledge to understand the basic function of hydraulic
circuits. They know how to solve simple examples from the analysis of hydraulic circuits
the steady state, and simple cases starting material with hydraulic drive
loads. They will learn to design simple hydraulic and pneumatic circuits and compile them on praktikátorech in the laboratory. Get acquainted with the most widespread applications of hydraulic actuators
for machinery and equipment in industry, transport and other areas of human activity. They can compare
advantages and disadvantages of different types of drives and select the optimal type of drive.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Tutorials
Project work
Summary
Students will become familiar with the function, structure, properties and applications of hydraulic actuators and mechanisms. The course is divided into the following sections: general introduction, the basic mechanisms of fluid calculations, the elements of fluid machinery (pumps, motors, controls, accessories circuits, working fluid), function, structure, characteristics, elements and their use in circuits, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators and transfers, including management, application of fluid mechanisms.
The exercise is focused on the mechanisms of hydraulic calculations and laboratory measurements.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
2 samostatné projekty
1 písemný test
E-learning
Other requirements
. .
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
The program of lectures
Week Lectures
1 Mechanism, drive, transfer. Machines drives: comparison, the characteristics of M-n. Load characteristics of machines Mz-nz. Operating point of drive and mechanism. Applications: windlass, lift, trolleys mobile machines, presses, calenders, wind plants, winding machine.
Comparison of the drives in terms of eduction of movement, control of motion, dimensions of motor, dynamic characteristics, efficiency, operation and service, cost. Starting and brake hydraulic actuators. Applications: drives of bagger, drive of working machine, manipulators.
2 Control of hydraulic drive
a) the volume control: regulation pumps and motors. Applications of volume control: hydraulic aggregate, drive of construction elevator, drive of blast mixer. Hydrostatic transmission and its application in mobile machines. Hydraulics in iron-mill: tilting furnaces, vacuum equipment.
3 Control of hydraulic drive
b) valve control: Control by classically valves and distributor. Control of the motion direction of hydro motor and stop of hydro motor. Material handling load. Hydraulic mechanisms for water works. Lock. Tipping bridges. Momentum M-n characteristics of rotation hydraulic drive, F–v characteristic of linear hydraulic drive, measuring M-n characteristics drive. Applications: lifts, hoists, windlass, lift, cranes. Turners.
4 Control of hydraulic drive
b) valve control:
Fundamentals of proportional technology. Elements of proportional techniques: proportional distributor and valves. Application of proportional technology: hydraulic systems of mobile equipment body. Application of proportional techniques: manipulator, mechanisms of cell bodies machines, hydraulic mechanisms in iron-mill, hydraulic mechanisms in theaters, testing.
5 Control of hydraulic drive
b) valve control:
Servomechanisms. Electrohydraulic servomechanisms speed and position in robots, machine tools, aircraft, military technology. Track of servomechanism. Servo elements and their properties: servo valves, servo motor, sensors, regulators. Electrohydraulic servomechanisms in thermal and nuclear power.
6 Built-in valves, accumulators drive, multi-motor drives
Construction, characteristics, types of built-in valves, circuits with built-in valves. Applications: presses, forging presses. Hydraulic motors with accumulators. Design and calculation of accumulator drive, design and calculation of accumulator, applications of accumulator drive. Application: the equipment for continuous casting of steel, hydraulic shears, hydraulic presses. Multi-engine drives. Synchronous motors running. Characteristics properties of a multi-engine drive (linear, rotary) ensure synchronous operation of two or more hydraulic motors. Applications: water works; stage equipment, lifting equipment, traversing of vehicle and functions differ.
7 Heat balance of the hydraulic drive
Thermal calculation of hydraulic circuit, design of cooler, energy-saving drives and their p-Q characteristics. Applications: hydraulic steelworkers continuous casting, secondary metallurgy, rolling mills. Energy-saving systems. LS (load sensing) with an open center, closed center, secondary control of hydro motors. Applications: energy-saving hydraulic aggregate, energy-saving systems in testing.
8 The working fluid of hydraulic systems
Hardly flammable working fluid. Hydraulic machinery of mechanisms in underground mines. Tunneling equipment. Special operating conditions activities, intrinsic safety requirements. Environmentally friendly working fluid. Hydraulics for agricultural and forestry machinery.
Program of exercises and seminars + individual students' work
Week filling exercises and seminars
1-2 Operating point of drive and mechanism. Starting and braking hydraulic drive. Proposal of drive for lifting mechanism with a hydraulic actuator (arm of bagger, crane, windlass, etc.) including specification of elements. Static characteristics of rotation hydraulic drive. Static characteristics of linear and rotation hydraulic drive for variable speed control
resistor (throttle valve). The overall efficiency of the drive. Program No. 1: Proposal drive of lifting mechanism with a hydraulic drive (arm excavator, crane, windlass, etc.) including specification elements. The program can receive up to 10 points
3-4 Proposal of dimensions of hydraulic lines and the calculation of pressure losses in the system. Energy balance of hydraulic system. Thermal calculation, cooling and cooler design. Proposal of hydrostatic transmission of mobile machines. Design and solution structure of hydraulic circuits for synchronizing the movement and speed. Proposal and calculation of the accumulator. Program No.2: Proposal of accumulator drive for manipulator. The program can receive up to 10 points.
Test 1: Basic relationship for calculating the pressure loss, power loss, heat balance of the circuit, the relationship between input and output parameters hydro generators and hydro motors, the relationship for flow throught throttle. The test may receive up to 15 points.
List of questions to exam
1. Draw a M-n characteristics of electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic drive. Draw Mz-nz characteristics of working mechanisms. The proposal of drive on the base of position working point.
2 Starting the drive.
3 Compare the drives in terms of how to eduction of movement and control motion.
4 Compare the drive on the engine size, dynamics properties, efficiency, operation and service, cost.
5 Basic relationship for control speed of the motion by variable resistor - derivation of the static characteristics Mn rotation drive.
6 Derive the equation F-v characteristics of drive with linear hydraulic motor controlled by variable resistor.
7 Multi-engine drives and synchronous motors running.
8 Circuits for lifting, lowering and flipping massive load.
9 Drive of mobile machines. Hydrostatic transmission.
10Llow-speed radial piston hydraulic motors: structural cut, parameters.
11 Regulation pumps: possibility of control geometrical volume.
12 Built-in valves and their uses.
13 Proportional valves and distributors: construction, characteristics, use.
14 Types of accumulator, proposal and calculation of accumulator.
15 Using the accumulator in the circuit.
16 Positional servomechanism: block diagram, definition, function description, achieved precision positioning requirements for cleanliness, energy balance.
17 Elements of position servomechanism: servo valves.
18 Elements of position servomechanism: hydro motors, sensors, controllers.
19 Types and properties of hardly inflammable working liquids.
20 Types and properties of environmentally friendly working fluids.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction
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