338-0541/03 – Fluid Elements and Systems (TPaS)
| Gurantor department | Department of Hydromechanics and Hydraulic Equipment | Credits | 4 |
| Subject guarantor | doc. Ing. Martin Vašina, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | doc. Ing. Martin Vašina, Ph.D. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
| Year | 1 | Semester | summer |
| | Study language | English |
| Year of introduction | 2015/2016 | Year of cancellation | |
| Intended for the faculties | USP, FS | Intended for study types | Follow-up Master |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
Students learn more deeply with hydraulic and pneumatic components, their structures, functions, parameters, characteristics and use in hydraulic and pneumatic circuits. They know how to properly use these elements in hydraulic and pneumatic systems. In detail, students will learn the advanced control technology and servo technology in hydraulic and pneumatic actuators and mechanisms. They know the most important sources of constant pressure, and then use this knowledge to design systems with valve control. In the field of fluid power systems become familiar with key applications, ie, hydraulic and pneumatic machine drives and hydrostatic transmissions. They learn to deal with cases of start-ups and drive mechanisms, and calculate the thermal balance of fluid. They will learn the basics of reliability, operation and maintenance of fluid systems.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Project work
Summary
In the first part of the course Fluid systems and components in more detail, students learn about functions, structures, parameters, characteristics, and calculated using the fluid control elements, in particular hydraulic and pneumatic proportional valves and switchboards, control valves and servo-valves. In addition, sources familiar with the problems of pressure and flow of resources, capabilities and management (control pumps, battery drives, etc.).
In the section devoted to fluid systems become familiar with the properties of selected fluid systems such as systems with batteries, with proportional valves, energy saving systems, systems with two or more motors, systems, ensuring synchronous operation of hydraulic motors, systems for handling massive loads, etc.
Acquainted with the composition of hydraulic and pneumatic drives and hydrostatic transmissions. These systems will be able to design and carry out basic calculation parameters in steady state. They will be able to solve cases of acceleration and braking actuators, and solve the thermal balance of these drives. Meet the basics of reliability, operation and maintenance of fluid systems.
The exercises practiced brand of fluid elements, measuring the static characteristics of the fluid elements on praktikátorech to verify the properties and behavior of fluid systems, practicing the theory of fluid systems, analyze typical hydraulic and pneumatic circuits in steady state solves heats, brake fluid balance and thermal systems. Propose (projects) simpler types of fluid systems.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Additional study materials
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
Credit: max. 35, min. 18 points - test (10 points), 3 programmes (25 points)
Exam: oral - 2 questions (40 points) + written test (25 points)
E-learning
Other requirements
Additional requirements for the student are not required.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
Syllabus of lectures:
Week Contents lectures
1. Fluid mechanism, fluid drive, fluid circuit.
2. Working fluids of hydraulic circuits: properties, types, applications. Compressed air and its properties.
3. Hydraulic pumps: basics of theory, construction, characteristics, application.
4. Rotary hydraulic motors and actuators: construction, functions, parameters.
5. Hydraulic cylinders: construction, characteristics, efficiency, application.
6. Flow direction and size control elements: directional valves, check valves, pilot operated check valves, throttle valves, flow control valves, orifices, and throttles.
7. Pressure control valves: pressure relief and reducing valves.
8. Electrohydraulic elements in hydraulic systems: proportional valves and servo valves.
9. Accumulators and circuits with accumulators. Circuits for lifting and sinking mass load.
10. Multi-motor drives. Synchronous operation of hydraulic motors.
11. Accessories for hydraulic and pneumatic circuits: accumulators, filters, pipes, hoses, tanks, coolers, etc.
12. Energy saving hydraulic systems.
13. Pneumatic drives.
Syllabus of practicals:
Week Contents practicals and seminars
1. Repeating physical properties of liquids, viscosity curves, viscosity classes of oils according to ISO, starting, operating, optimal, short-term minimum viscosity, basics of hydrostatics, hydrodynamics (Bernoulli's equation, calculation of pressure losses in the line), including examples.
2. Graphical symbols of elements (repetition + new symbols).
3. Examples on ideal (lossless) hydraulic pump and rotary hydraulic motor. Examples of ideal circuits.
4. Test 1: 15 questions for a maximum of 15 points. Examples on real steady state circuits: calculation of steady state valves with efficiencies and pressure losses.
5. Programme No. 1: Design and calculation of the real hydraulic circuit in steady state. Design including specification of main elements, pipe design, calculation of pressure losses in pipe. Up to 10 points can be obtained for the program. Circuits with throttle valves - examples.
6. Programme No. 2: Design of a hydraulic circuit with proportional distributor. Up to 10 points may be obtained for the programme.
7. Visit to the laboratory of servo drives, demonstration of servo drive operation.
8. Working point of drive. Drive start-up.
9. Assembly of pneumatic control system in pneumatic laboratory.
10. Design of accumulator and accumulator drive.
11. Thermal calculation of hydraulic circuit.
12. Design of hydrostatic drive or gear.
13. Circuits with two or more hydraulic motors. Synchronous operation of hydraulic motors. Credit.
Exam questions
1. Basics of hydromechanics - Pascal´s law, Law for pressure propagation, Equation of continuity, laminar and turbulent flow, major(local) and minor pressure drops, Bernoulli´s equation.
2. Fluid mechanisms - advantages, disadvantages, applications.
3. Fluid mechanisms - energy transfer (principle), basic principle of hydraulic systems (figure and description).
4. Fluids in systems - their purpose in systems, types, applications.
5. Hydrostatic converters - types, purpose, ideal converters (equations).
6. Hydrostatic converters - real converters (equations), efficiencies.
7. Basic characteristics of real rotary converters.
8. Rotary hydraulic pumps - types, basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages.
9. Rotary hydraulic motors - types, basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages.
10. Rotary actuators - types, basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages.
11. Hydraulic cylinders - types, basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages.
12. Check valves, shut-off valves, cartridge valves - types, basic principles, applications, graphical symbols.
13.Directional valves - types, basic principles, applications, graphical symbols.
14. Throttle valves - types, flow equation, basic principles, applications, graphical symbols, characteristics.
15. 2-way and 3-way flow control valves - their purpose, basic principles, applications.
16. Pressure control valves - types, basic principles, applications, graphical symbols.
17. Accumulators - types, basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages.
18. Accumulators - their functions in systems, examples of their applications in hydraulic systems (figures).
19. Filters and filtration technology - filter types, purpose, location in systems.
20. Tanks - purposes, types, heat flow, stabilization circuit (temperature, filtration).
21. Heat exchangers - types, power equations.
22. Electrohydraulic components in hydraulic systems - purpose, function, types, characteristics.
23. Pressure intensifiers - their purpose in systems, types, applications, pressure gain.
24. Circuits for lifting and sinking mass load.
25. Multi-motor drives. Synchronous operation of hydraulic motors.
26. Energy saving hydraulic systems.
27. Pneumatic drives.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction