541-0028/02 – Mineralogy and Petrography (M)
| Gurantor department | Department of Geological Engineering | Credits | 4 |
| Subject guarantor | doc. Ing. Jiří Mališ, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Vladimír Slivka, CSc., dr. h. c. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Optional |
| Year | 3 | Semester | summer |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 1999/2000 | Year of cancellation | 2016/2017 |
| Intended for the faculties | HGF | Intended for study types | Master, Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
The objective is comprehension of minerals and rocks characteristics, clasification systems, genesis and its research methods.
Students should learn:
Collect basic principles of minerals and rocks characteristics and classifications.
Describe, clarify and interpret natural processes of rocks and minerals cycle.
Theoretically know basic analytical methods for minerals and rocks research.
Ilustrate knowledge in examples of describing and utilization of minerals and rocks.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Tutorials
Summary
Morphology of crystalline substances, crystal symmetry, internal structures of
crystalline substances and interrelations. Chemical crystallography,
geometrical and chemical factors of the origin of structures, isomorphism and
polymorphism. Basic macrodiagnostic physical properties of minerals, optical
properties and their identification by using microscopy. Systematic mineralogy,
classification principles, systematic overview of basic representatives of
elements, sulphides, halides, oxides and hydroxides, nitrates, carbonates,
sulphates, phosphates and silicates. Main processes leading to the origin of
minerals and rocks under various genetic conditions, genetic classification of
rocks (magmatic, sedimentary, metamorphic). Magmatic rocks, principles of
classification based on mineralogical and chemical composition. Sedimentary
rocks, their origin (weathering, transport, sedimentation, diagenesis),
classification of clastic and cementing sediments. Genesis of metamorphic
rocks, physical and chemical factors of metamorphosis, overview of the main
types of metamorphic rocks.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
E-learning
Other requirements
The study of recommended literature.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
· Introduction to mineralogy, its distribution and significance. Basic concepts in
mineralogy and crystallography. Basic characteristics
crystalline substances. Morphological crystallography - the main crystallographic
laws, crystal symmetry, symmetry operations and elements, crystal structures
osní and their crosses, simple crystal shapes, Weiss and Miller symbols
stereographic projection. Overview of selected crystal separation
systems (2 lectures).
· Real crystals - a natural development of crystal shape (habit of minerals,
inevitable and random crystal adhesions). Basics of structural crystallography.
Bravaisovy translational lattice. X-ray methods of research crystalline substances.
· Basic chemical and physical crystallography. Geometric and chemical
factor in the development of structures. Chemical bonds. The coordination numbers and polyhedra.
Izomorfie, polymorphism and polytypie. The most important physical makrodiagnostické
properties of minerals.
Crystallography's Fiber - the most important optical properties of minerals and
methods for their determination in transmitted light. Polarizing microscope.
· Systematic Mineralogy - the principle of mineralogical system.
A systematic overview of the most important minerals of the groups of elements, sulfides,
halides, oxides and hydroxides, nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates. Summary
technical use of selected minerals and their occurrence (2 lectures).
· Systematic mineralogy. The principle of classification based on silicates
structure. A systematic overview of the most important group of silicate minerals -
their characteristics, technical merit and appearance. Rock-meaning groups
silicates (2 lectures).
· Genetic Mineralogy - basic methods of mineral processes
magmatogenními, and sedimentogeními metamorfogenními.
· Introduction to petrography and basic concepts in petrography. The basic division
rocks according to their origin. Igneous rocks - igneous rock formation and
their division, differentiation of magma, minerals of magmatic rocks,
characteristic structures and textures of igneous rocks.
· Igneous rocks - fundamentals of chemical and mineralogical classification
igneous rocks, characteristic of basic types of igneous rocks, their
appearance and practical use.
· Sedimentary rocks - the basic processes of sedimentary rocks
(Weathering, transport, sedimentation, diagenesis), structure and texture of sediments,
rock-forming components of sediments.
· Sedimentary rocks - principles of classification and cementation of clastic
sediments, sediment system, characteristics of basic types of clastic and
cementation of sedimentary rocks, their occurrence and practical use.
· Metamorphic rocks - formation of metamorphic rocks, physical and
chemical factors of metamorphism, types of metamorphosis. The basic structure and texture
metamorphics. Rock-forming minerals metamofitů. The most important
regional and contact metamorphic rocks, their occurrence and practical
use. Migmatites - creation and distribution base.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction
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