616-0804/01 – Waste Management II (OH)
| Gurantor department | Department of Environmental Protection in Industry | Credits | 6 |
| Subject guarantor | prof. Ing. Karel Obroučka, CSc. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Karel Obroučka, CSc. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Choice-compulsory |
| Year | 1 | Semester | winter |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2004/2005 | Year of cancellation | 2019/2020 |
| Intended for the faculties | FMT, HGF | Intended for study types | Follow-up Master |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
- student will know the basic technologies for the hazardous liquid wastes treatment
- student will know the basic technologies for solid municipal wastes processing
- student will know to calculate the basic thermally-technical parameters effecting the waste incineration process
- student will be able to examine the implementation of individual technologies for waste processing from the environmental and economical standpoint.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Seminars
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Other activities
Summary
This subject is focused on the problems of waste treatment and waste disposal
technologies like recyclinh, biological treatment, waste incineration, pyrolysis and landfil disposal.
Compulsory literature:
1.Woodard F.: Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook. BH Boston 2001.
2. Rathje W., Murphy C.: Rubish – The Archaeology of Garbage, Edited by Harper
Perennial, New York, 1993
Recommended literature:
Additional study materials
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
control test
E-learning
Fiedor, J. Waste Management I., e-learning study support, 2010.
Other requirements
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Prerequisities
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
1st Introduction to Waste Management. Causes of waste. Species and
categories of waste. Historical development of waste management. Hazardous Properties
waste. Evaluation of the hazards of waste. Sources and incidence of waste. Prevention
waste. Information systems operations. Priorities for waste management.
Use of waste. Recycling and recovery of waste. Recycling technology.
The cost of waste disposal
2nd Municipal waste. Collection of municipal wastes. Classification and
Separate collection of municipal wastes. Hazardous substances in municipal wastes.
The use of municipal wastes. Disposal of municipal solid waste. Problems
the municipal waste landfill. Mechanical sorting of household waste.
Material and energy recovery of municipal wastes. Packaging materials
municipal wastes. Representation of individual components of household waste. Influence
the packaging on the environment.
3rd Waste from industry. Wastes from inorganic chemical industries. Recycling
the catalysts and sludge. Wastes containing fluoride. Cyanides. Waste from
organic chemical production. Polymer waste (ethylene, phenol, propylene,
formaldehyde). Metal-bearing wastes. Galvanic Spa. Iron oxides. Chelatizační
agents. Recycling of metal waste containing aluminum, copper, lead, cadmium.
Wastes from the production and processing of metals. Processing of galvanic sludge. Waste from
glass plants. Fragments containing the metal impurities (Pb, Se, Sb, Cd), slag
and linings with a high content of heavy metals. Grinding residue waste is abrasive.
Waste glass etching.
4th Sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants. Raw sludge and stabilized
sludge. The composition of sludge from wastewater treatment plants (pathogens, heavy metals). Thickening,
stabilization, dewatering, disinfection. Anaerobic stabilization, biogas production.
Combustion and pyrolysis of sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Wastes from the food industry. Types
waste generated during food processing and compen. Animal fats and dairy
products (containing PCBs). Waste water with high chloride content, NO3-, NO2-,
antibiotics. Use of waste as feed, energy use food
waste, biological transformation of compost and biogas.
5th Wastes from industries. Cement powder, salt kalírenské.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (chlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans). Used Cooling
liquid emulsion cutting machining operations. Remnants of paint and paint shops
spray boxes. Detergents. Spent oil filters and
used grease from dismantled machines. Oil sludge from hardening of the spa
remnants of scale. Waste from construction activities. Waste from building construction. Waste from
transportation and civil engineering. Soils and excavation materials, construction debris,
Road demolition materials, construction waste from construction sites. Modification of construction
waste and its recovery.
6th Wastes from the leather industry. Chemical materials to dissolve
animal skins for leather (concentrated solution of lime and hydrate of sodium sulfate).
Waste from chromočinění, chromium salts, sodium formate. Waste from leather
production processes (waste oil, waste hair, keratin waste). Evaluation and utilization
Waste from the leather industry. Wastes from the textile industry. Synthetic
polymer fibers. Dyes, lubricants and antistatic agents (nitrophenol
aromatic amines, sulfur compounds). Types of textile materials and their
generated wastes. Appropriate methods of recovery and processing of textile waste.
7th Waste from the energy industry. The waste products of energy
Industry (ash, fly ash, slag). The harmful effect of ash on health and
environment. Use of fly ash and slag in the construction industry. Practical options
utilization of fly ash in agriculture. Wastes from the manufacture of electrical equipment
containing PCBs. PVC container. Wastes from mining, transportation, processing and utilization
oil. Volatile organic compounds VOCs. Spent lubricating oil UMO. Procedures
accidents on water bodies and streams. Emissions from oil processing plants.
Refinery sludge. Minimizing the amount of waste.
8th Waste from agriculture and forestry. Waste from production and plant them.
Waste from livestock production. Litter and litter operations. Production of biogas.
Utilization and processing of manure. Processing of agricultural waste abroad.
Utilization and processing of wood. Waste in the pulp. Energy
use of wood waste. Recovery of waste from production of paper and paperboard. Technology
processing of radioactive waste. Sources of radioactive waste. Radioactive
waste from nuclear fuel cycle plants. Radioactive waste
Anomalies of nuclear power plants. Handling and transport of nuclear waste.
Storage and final disposal of radioactive waste.
9th Physical methods of processing waste. Adsorption. Distillation.
Solvent extraction. Membrane separation. Freeze drying. Air Stripping
and water vapor. Breaking emulsions. Chemical waste treatment.
Detoxification. Neutralization. Oxidation, reduction. Oxidizing and reducing agents.
Hydrolysis. Precipitation. Electrolytic processes. Use of the resin. Flocculation.
Dehalogenation. Photolysis. Physico - chemical methods of processing waste.
Solidification (hardening) of the waste. Modification of waste before solidification.
Solidification technology for hazardous waste (tablet, briquette).
Waste Immobilization (hardening, bituminization, vitrification, fixation). Packaging for
solidified waste.
10th Storage of waste at landfills. Principles of controlled landfill. Types of waste
which can be stored in landfills. Types of landfill. Types of landfills by force
legislation. The technical requirements for landfills. Basic concepts (inert
waste, biodegradable waste, landfill gas, etc.). Classes
leaching of waste. Single-and inter-modal landfill. Basic conditions
design and construction of landfills. Scope of work. Geotechnical materials.
Exclusion criteria for the placement of all types of landfills. Sealing of landfills.
Natural soil. Technical barrier. Drainage landfills. Facilities of
types of landfills. Reclamation. Aftercare of the landfill. Fees
landfill. Financial provision for rehabilitation, reclamation and
aftercare of the landfill.
11th Waste composting. Aerobic biodegradation. Purpose and nature
composting. Stages of composting. Basic conditions for composting. Ingredients
compost. Organic materials suitable for composting. Toxic substances in the compost.
Kind of compost. Technical methods of composting (System and GONARD BIOMŰLL).
Principles for the production of compost from municipal wastes. Requirements for the correct way
composting. Composting in heaps. Enclosed composting systems.
Anaerobic digestion. Metanizace. Conditions for the proper conduct of anaerobic
decomposition. Products of anaerobic decomposition. Advantages and disadvantages metanizace. Using
metanizace in practice. Types of anaerobic reactors. Biodegradation. Principle
biodegradation. Aerobic activated sludge process. Rotary biofilmové
reactors (various types). Types of microorganisms suitable for diodegradaci.
The advantages of biological degradation.
12th Thermal methods of waste treatment. Definition of thermal breakdown methods.
Processes of oxidizing (burning), reduction processes (gasification, pyrolysis).
Waste incineration. Burning on the grid, the different stages of combustion. Advantages and
disadvantages of incineration. Druhy combustible waste. Combustion Stoichiometry
processes. Calculations of air consumption, the quantity and composition of the gas. Perfect
combustion. Incomplete combustion. Check fuel combustion. Settings
optimal excess air. Determination of excess air in relation to CO2.
Equipment for thermal waste disposal. Sorting waste incinerators
13th The general pattern of waste incinerators. Description and characteristics of individual
components of waste incinerators. Receipt and storage. Planting equipment.
The reaction chamber of the furnace, combustion air supply into the reaction chamber.
Materials for production of process chambers. Temperatures in the reaction space. System
ash removal. Cold water showers, gas, air or
exchanger. The flue gas cleaning. Venting, chimney. Products of thermal processes.
Main solid residue. The rigid share of dust removal and cleaning of flue gases, their composition and
method of disposal. The gaseous products of combustion. Separation of dust particles.
Mechanical separators - settling chambers, cyclones, multicyklóny, wet
separators. Electrostatic precipitator, electrofilters benefits. Hose and Filters
pocket, for their regeneration. The efficiency of individual traps. Troubleshooting
gaseous components of flue gases (SO2, HCl, HF). Dry, semi dry and wet processes
capture gaseous constituents, their principles, appropriate use and effectiveness.
Removal of NOx - denitrification of flue gases. Removal of trace impurities (PCDD,
F, Hg).
14th Pyrolysis of waste. The principle of pyrolysis. Pyrolysis products. Low,
středněteplotní, high temperature pyrolysis. The course of pyrolysis. Products
pyrolysis and ways of dealing with them. Implementation of the pyrolysis process in practice.
Advantages of pyrolysis. Energy use of pyrolysis gas. Gasification of waste.
Principle of gasification. Gasification reaction. The course and the use of gasification. Advantages and
disadvantages gasification. Formation of polychlorinated dioxins and furans, PCDD and PCDF
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction
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