619-0806/01 – Multiphase System (VS)
| Gurantor department | Department of Physical Chemistry and Theory of Technological Processes | Credits | 6 |
| Subject guarantor | prof. Ing. Jana Dobrovská, CSc. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Jana Dobrovská, CSc. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Choice-compulsory |
| Year | 2 | Semester | winter |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2005/2006 | Year of cancellation | 2015/2016 |
| Intended for the faculties | HGF, FMT | Intended for study types | Follow-up Master |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
- to use thermodynamic quantities for description of colloidal and coarsely
dispersion systems
- to describe properties of colloidal systems (kinetic, mechanical, electrical and
optical properties)
- to observe the stability of colloidal systems and to learn how to influence it
- to explain the influence of phase interface on properties of heterogeneous
dispersion systems - interfacial tension, contact angle, Laplace-Young equation
and Kelvin equation, Gibbs adsorption isotherm, adsorption equilibria
- to apply gained theoretical knowledge in routine
Teaching methods
Lectures
Individual consultations
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Summary
The course includes physico-chemical properties of colloid systems, surfaces
and multiphase systems – classification of dispersions; distribution function
of particles size; optical, electrical and molecular-kinetic properties of
colloids; structure of colloid particles; physical chemistry of phases
interfaces; molecular colloids.
Compulsory literature:
Adamson,A.W. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 5th.Edition, New York 1990.
ATKINS,P.W. Physical Chemistry. Fourth Edition, Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1993. 995 s.
Hunter,R.J. Foundations of Colloid Science, Clarendon press, Oxford 1987.
Shaw,D.J.: Introduction to colloid and surface chemistry,3rd Edition, London
1980.
Recommended literature:
Additional study materials
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
- two calculation exam
- five laboratory protocols
- active participation in seminars
E-learning
Other requirements
No other activities required.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
1. Colloidal systems. Preparation, condensation and dispersion methods, significance in industry and
environment, degree of dispersion, particle size distribution functions, experimental determination of
particle size distributions.
2. Properties of colloidal systems – optical (Tyndall effect, nefelometry), kinetic (Brownian motion,
diffusion of colloidal particles) and electrical (electrophoresis, sedimentation potential, streaming
potential, electro-osmosis).
3. Structure of colloidal particles. Electrical charge of colloidal particles, micelle, theory and models of
electrical double layer - Helmholtz double layer , Gouy-Chapman double layer, Stern modification of
diffuse double layer. Lyophilic and lyophobic colloids, preparation and stability.
4. State changes of colloidal systems. Coagulation, coalescence, sols and gels, xerogels, swelling,
thixotropy. Methods for separations colloidal systems. Dialysis, electrodialysis, filtration, electro-
ultrafiltration, ultrafiltration, electro-decantation.
5. Coagulation. Coagulation threshold. Coagulation and adsorption. Hardy-Schultz rule, lyotropic
(Hofmeister) series. Coagulation kinetics of monodispersed systems. Basic conceptions of coagulation
kinetics of polydispersed systems. Swelling kinetics.
6. Sedimentation of colloid particles. Sedimentation in the gravitational field and sedimentation in the
centrifugal field. Sedimentation equilibrium and rate. Determination of molar masss weight by
sedimentation.
7. Motion of colloidal particles. Stokes' law. Diffusivity and mobility of colloidal particles. Movement of
colloidal particles in electric field.
8. Passage of dispersion systems through membranes. Theory of the Donnan membrane equilibrium.
Osmotic pressure and viscosity of colloidal systems. Einstein relation.
9. Emulsions - preparation and stability. Emulsifiers, stabilisers of emulsions, their physicochemical
action. Foams, preparation, stability and utilization.
10. Surface phenomena. Free surface energy, surface and interfacial tension. Wetting of solid surface by
liquid, Laplace equation, contact angle, measurement methods. Interfacial phenomena on interface
between two immiscible liquids. Surface films.
11. Adsorption on liquid-liquid and gas-liquid phase interface. Gibbs adsorption isotherm, surface-active
and surface-nonactive agents. Flotation principles.
12. Adsorption on liquid-solid and gas-solid phase interface. Adsorption of gases on solid surfaces.
Adsorption from solutions on solids. Adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, BET
model of adsorption). Factors affecting adsorption. Adsorption hysteresis. Adsorption kinetics.
13. Angular phase interface. Kelvin’s equation. Dissolution of solid substances. Thermodynamics and
kinetics of crystallization from solutions. Distribution coefficient, principles of extraction.
14. Polymer systems. Theory and thermodynamics of macromolecules. Flory-Huggins theory.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction