619-2002/02 – Theory of Technological Processes (TTP)
| Gurantor department | Department of Physical Chemistry and Theory of Technological Processes | Credits | 7 |
| Subject guarantor | prof. Ing. Jana Dobrovská, CSc. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Ľudovít Dobrovský, CSc., dr. h. c. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
| Year | 2 | Semester | summer |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2014/2015 | Year of cancellation | |
| Intended for the faculties | FMT | Intended for study types | Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
- to define solutions - Raoult´s law and Henry´s law, ideal and nonideal
solutions, the thermodynamic activity of a component in solution,
thermodynamic quantities and thermodynamic models of solutions
- to apply the chemical thermodynamics and kinetics on pyrometallurgical
processes – the thermal dissociation, the extraction of metals from their
oxides, the Boudouard reaction
- to observe and analyse interaction between metal melt and a gaseous phase,
between metal melt and oxidic melt
- to characterize the physical properties of melt - molten metal and oxide
melt
- to apply gained theoretical knowledge in tutorials and laboratory and in
the domain of selected technological processes.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Individual consultations
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Summary
The topic of the subject is theoretical foundation in the area of application of the physical chemistry principles to particular technological processes.
Compulsory literature:
[1] MOORE, John Jeremy. Chemical Metallurgy . 2nd ed. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, 1990. 435 p.
Recommended literature:
[1] GASKELL,D.R. Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics. Washington: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1973.520 p.
[2] ATKINS,Peter; De Paula, Julio. Elements of Physical chemistry. Fifth Edition. Oxford: University of Oxford, 2009. 578p.
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
FULL-TIME STUDY
List of conditions for obtaining of credit:
- required attendance at the exercises
- two written tests
- passing the required number of laboratory exercises, elaboration and defense
of laboratory protocols.
Points scoring for credit:
Min. number of points - 20
Max. number of points - 45
Points scoring for examination - combined examination.
The examination consists of two parts - written and oral examination.
Written examination (min. number of points - 5, max. number of points - 15)
Oral examination (min. number of points - 10, max. number of points - 40)
COMBINED STUDY
List of conditions for obtaining of credit:
- required attendance at the exercise - 5 poins
- elaboration of the specified calculation program - 25 points
E-learning
Other requirements
No other activities are defined.
Prerequisities
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
1. Solutions and their classification. Nonelectrolyte solutions, ideal and real solutions. The Raoult’s law and Henry’s law. Real solutions, definition of the standard states for component in binary solutions, deviation from Raoult´s and Henry´s law, activity and activity coefficient.
2. Thermodynamic properties of multicomponent solutions, activities and interaction coefficients.
3. Thermodynamic functions of solutions. Partial molar quantities. Differential and integral quantities. Mixing and excess quantities. Thermodynamic models of solutions – ideal, real, regular and athermal solution. The Gibbs-Duhem equation, applications.
4. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of fundamental technological reactions. Equilibrium in a system containing condensed phases and gaseous phases. The thermal dissociation of compounds. The thermal dissociation temperature and pressure.
5. The indirect chemical reduction of metal oxide. The Boudouard reaction, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, significance, technological use of Boudouard reaction. The direct reduction of metal oxide. Graphical representation of equilibria in the system metal – oxygen – carbon.
6. The mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition and reduction. Topochemical reaction, characteristics, models. The Jander´s equation. The metal oxidation kinetics.
7. Molten metal theories. The structure and physical properties of liquid metals – viscosity, surface tension, vaporization, sublimation, melting, transformation of the crystalline form.
8. The crystallisation. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, physicochemical analysis of process, critical radius of embryo and its dependence on selected factors.
9. Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal. The Sievert's law – solubility dependence on selected factors. The influence of gas pressure on the solubility of gas in liquid metals.
10. Molten slags, theory of slags. The molecular and ionic theory of slags. The classification of ions in slags, basicity of slags. Physicochemical properties of slags - structure, viscosity, surface tension, electrochemical properties.
11. The Temkin´s model of ideal ionic melts, thermodynamic quantities of ideal ionic solution. Non-ideal ionic solution, characteristics of selected theories.
12. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of raffination processes. The distribution of components between two immiscible liquids, Nernst’s distribution law, distribution coefficient, distribution reactions between slag and metal.
13. Rafination reactions – desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation of slags, thermodynamic and kinetic description of rafination processes.
14. Nonmetallic phases in metal. The formation and growth of inclusions, thermodynamic and kinetic factors.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction