637-0903/02 – Metallurgy of Pure Metals and Special Alloys (MČKSA)
| Gurantor department | Department of Non-ferrous Metals, Refining and Recycling | Credits | 10 |
| Subject guarantor | doc. Ing. Ivo Szurman, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Jaromír Drápala, CSc. |
| Study level | postgraduate | Requirement | Choice-compulsory |
| Year | | Semester | winter + summer |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2010/2011 | Year of cancellation | 2022/2023 |
| Intended for the faculties | FMT | Intended for study types | Doctoral |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
Postgraduate student after passing the exam from this subject will be able to:
- understand necessity and significance of pure materials for development of new disciplines, such as microelectronics, optoelectronics, etc.;
- classify methods of division and refining of materials, stages of purification and principles at production of high-purity materials;
- describe basic characteristics of ion exchange, chromatography, sorption, extraction, distillation, rectification, transport reactions, electrical dialysis, electrolysis, transfer of electricity;
- understand significance effective distribution coefficients at separation of materials and relationships with thermodynamics of phase balances;
- use theoretical knowledge of crystallisation methods of directional crystallisation and zone melting including Czochralski method at refining of materials and preparation of crystals;
- analyse relationships at the phase interface crystal – melt and their influence on effective distribution coefficient, mass transfer, kinetics of growth of crystallic materials, concentration under-cooling, convection and growth defects;
- understand significance of mass transfer and continuous zone refining;
- acquire an overview of techniques and equipment suitable for refining of specific materials;
- apply suitable physical - metallurgical analytical methods for characteristic of high-purity materials;
- determine the values of equilibrium and effective distribution coefficients from binary and ternary diagrams, thermodynamic equations and from experiment
- choose an appropriate technique for obtaining of thin layers by epitaxial technique and diffusion.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Project work
Summary
The subject deals with theoretical principles of technologies for high-purity materials, for example ion exchange, distillation, electrolysis, vacuum extraction, directional crystallization, zone melting. Lessons include preparation methods of bulk semiconductor materials, single crystals and thin layers using CVD or PVD technologies. Materials prepared through these technologies fall into hi-tech materials group applied in electrotechnics, electronics, medicine, aircraft, spacecraft, nuclear and automotive industry.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
tutorial
E-learning
Yes – ½ of the subject
Other requirements
Project "refining technologies" - presentation in Power Point
Project "proposal of refining technologies of selected metal" - purity 5N .. 6N
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
Theoretic bases of preparation of highly pure materials, properties and signification of pure materials. Methods of the description of purity, effect of impurities on the properties of substances.
Classification of methods of separation and refining of substances, stage of cleaning and fundamentals at production of highly pure materials.
Theoretic principles of ion exchange, chromatography, sorption and extraction.
Theoretic principles of distillation, rectification, transport response, electro-dialysis, electrolysis, electro-transport.
Equilibrium distribution coefficient - methods of determination, retrograde solubility, correlation dependencies of ko on different parameters
Thermodynamic methods of determination ko, activity, activity coefficient, theory of ideal, dilute, regular and real solutions - Kaufman, Pelton
Ternary systems, distribution coefficient in ternary system
Conditions on the phase crystal - melt interface, kinetic and effective distribution coefficient, Burton - Prim – Slichter equation
Methods of kef determination from experimental results, method of the material balance, Vigdorovich method, frozen zone, slot method
Jackson's and Temkin's theory of crystallization, kinetics of the growth of crystalline materials
Temperature and concentration conditions of crystallization, temperature and concentration undercooling, incidences, Tiller's equation
Convection in melt, influence of the convection on origin defects, buoyancy, Marangoni, rotary, magnetic convection
Crystallization methods, Classification of crystallization techniques
Directional crystallization, Bridgman's method, Czochralsi method of drawing single crystals
Zone melting, multiple zone refining, Burris - Stockman - Dillon theory, final distribution in the zone melting, techniques of zone melting, "floating zone" method
Mass transfer in directional crystallization and zone melting, reasons, incidences
Continuous zone refining, preparation of metals with homogenous distribution of elements, floating crucible method, zone levelling
Epitaxial techniques for the formation of thin layers – LPE, VPE, LE, SPE, EEE, MBE methods
Semiconductor materials, purification and production technology
Preparation of semiconductor compounds from non-stoichiometric melt
Refractory metals, purification and preparation of single crystals
Preparation of special materials for microelectronics, optoelectronics, vacuum technique, nuclear techniques, energetic, transport, cosmonautics, highly fixed materials, memory alloys, intermetallic compounds
Diffusion, PVD, CVD method
Physical metallurgical characteristics of highly pure materials and methods of purity determination
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction
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