651-2041/01 – Introduction to the Transport Phenomena (UPJ)
| Gurantor department | Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes | Credits | 4 |
| Subject guarantor | prof. Ing. Marek Večeř, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Marek Večeř, Ph.D. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
| Year | 2 | Semester | summer |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2022/2023 | Year of cancellation | |
| Intended for the faculties | FMT | Intended for study types | Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
- The student understands the essence of non-equilibrium processes and their relation to the structure of substances.
- He knows the principles on which derivation of transfer equations is based and can apply them to simple specific problems.
- Can assess the possibilities of solving the relevant differential equations.
- Can formulate a problem for a possible numerical solution.
- Can characterize velocity, temperature, concentration fields with essential parameters suitable for practical use.
- Can measure the basic transport properties of liquids, gases, and solids.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Summary
V předmětu se student seznámí s koncepty základních transportních vlastností (viskozita, tepelná vodivost a difuzivita) ve spojitém prostředí a jejich vztahu ke struktuře látek. Bude ukázána aplikace bilančních rovnic přenosu hybnosti, tepla a hmoty na jednoduché příklady, které lze řešit analyticky. Úlohy v neustáleném stavu a vícerozměrné úlohy budou probírány jen okrajově s odkazem na předmět Technologický software, kde byly probírány numerické řešiče takových úloh. Student se seznámí se základními experimentálními technikami, kterými lze přenosové koeficienty stanovit. Bude vysvětlen vztah exaktních řešení k empirickým inženýrským závislostem.
Compulsory literature:
WICHTERLE Kamil, Marek VEČEŘ. Transport and Surface Phenomena 1st edition. Elsevier, 2020.
Recommended literature:
PLAWSKY, J.L. Transport phenomena fundamentals. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014.
BIRD, R.B., STEWART, W.E., LIGHTFOOT, E.N. Transport phenomena. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Wiley, 2007.
WHITE, F.M. Fluid mechanics. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008.
CUSSLER, E.L. Diffusion: mass transfer in fluid systems. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
INCROPERA, F.P. Introduction to heat transfer. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2007.
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
Credit. Written and oral exam.
E-learning
Other requirements
Passing of two tests with a score higher than 50%.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
1. Continuum. Model of nature as a continuous environment. Transfer of quantities. Quantities transmitted by statistical molecular motion. Momentum, Heat, Mass. Similarity of these processes. Definition systems: simple system between planar plates. Driving force, flow density, proportionality factor. Viscosity. Thermal conductivity, diffusivity. Newton's viscosity law, Fourier's law, Fick's law.
2. Heat transfer by conduction in a stationary environment. Heat, heat flux, differential heat balance. Specific heat capacity. Application of Fourier's law to express differential heat balance in the terms of temperatures. Boundary conditions and their relationship to reality.
3. One-dimensional heat conduction. Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Boundary conditions. The solution of heat transfer equation at two independent variables. Unsteady heat conduction into half-space. Equation and its solution by separation of variables. Dimensional analysis. The concept of infinity, unsteady guidance to the final board. Steady heat conduction in an area or space. Laplace equation and its solution. Principle of the solution by finite difference method. Relaxation method and stability problem. What the solver can do. Monte Carlo methods.
4. Mechanical equilibrium in fluids. Stress tensor. Sign convention. Stress tensor symmetry. Pressure. Simple shear flow. Tensor notation. Kinematic tensor. Deformation speed tensor. A generalized definition of viscosity. Balance of matter in differential volume, equation of continuity.
5. Momentum balance. Volume forces, Surface forces. Equation of motion. Evaluation of inertial and viscous forces, Reynolds number. Boundary conditions. Phase interface velocity. Creeping equations. Viscometric flows. Simple flow configurations, solvable by ordinary differential equations. Usability for viscosity measurement. Symmetries. Two-dimensional creeping flows. Stokes law, Stokes paradox.
6. Ideal liquid. Euler equations. Bernoulli's equation. Applicability. Stream function. The analogy with heat transfer. Boundary layer theory. Different boundary layer definitions. Friction coefficient. Solution using integral balance. Boundary layer for body bypass. Relation to Reynolds number.
7. Prandtl equations of the boundary layer. Bypass plates. Similarity solution. Approximate solution of momentum balance. Local and mean friction coefficient. Applications in hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. Flowmeters.
8. Bypass of bodies. Critical point. Pressure distribution. Breakage of the boundary layer. Wakes. Surface and interfacial tension. Curved surface. Drops and bubbles. Surface stability. Cleavage and coalescence. Surface viscosity.
9. Turbulence. Average speed. Turbulent speed profile. Fluctuation. The notion of isotropic turbulence. Turbulent viscosity, diffusivity. Statistical approaches. Heat transfer by radiation. Laws and differences against convection. Reflection, passage, absorption. Thermal shades, greenhouse effect.
10. Convective heat transfer. Heat transfer equations in moving fluid. Possibilities of solving equations. Piston flow. Negligible longitudinal convection. Linear velocity profile. Heat transfer at laminar flow in the tube. Nusselt number. Péclet number. Heat transfer when bypassing the plate. Comparison of velocity and temperature boundary layer. Prandtl number. The concept of film and penetration theory.
11. Film condensation on a vertical plate. Condensate layer. Heat transfer coefficient during condensation. Boiling near the wall. Influence of surface tension, hydrostatic pressure, conduction, and convection of heat. Bubble and film boiling conditions.
12. Methods of temperature and heat flux measurement. Calorimetry. Principles of study of velocity fields by means of transmission phenomena. Hotwire. Electrodiffusion diagnostics.
13. Diffusion. Fick's law. Single-component and multi-component diffusion. Molecular models of diffusion in gases, liquids, and solids. Measurement of diffusivity. Typical boundary conditions of diffusion problems. Phase interface equilibria. Moving boundary conditions.
14. Simultaneous heat and mass transport. Wet thermometer. Heat tubes. Thermodiffusion. Pressure transmission.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction
Předmět neobsahuje žádné hodnocení.