651-2042/01 – Introduction to Chemical Engineering (ZCHI)
| Gurantor department | Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes | Credits | 5 |
| Subject guarantor | prof. Ing. Marek Večeř, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | prof. Ing. Marek Večeř, Ph.D. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
| Year | 3 | Semester | winter |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2022/2023 | Year of cancellation | |
| Intended for the faculties | FMT | Intended for study types | Follow-up Master, Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
The objective of the course:
Clarify and practice the principles of the basic three main classes of the discussed processes, which are hydrodynamic processes (pumping, filtration, sedimentation, fluidization, mixing), heat transfer (heat exchangers, heat loss, boiling, condensation) and mass sharing (equilibrium and crystallization dynamics, absorption), distillation, drying, adsorption), - provide commentary introduction to diffusion separation processes.
Learning outcomes:
- the ability to recognize technological problems and propose a strategy of a solution,
- to apply energy and material balance,
- the ability to describe filtration, drying, evaporation, and distillation process,
- to design an optimal heat exchanger.
Acquired skills:
- the ability to design parameters of the equipment,
- the ability to perform material and energy balances of reasonably complex technological units,
- the ability to design optimal conditions for the operation of the heat exchanger, evaporator, jet dryer, filter equipment, and the like, simulation and optimization calculations on existing equipment with respect to fluctuating parameters of input parameters,
- the ability to apply the theoretical knowledge to more complex technological processes,
- the ability to identify the necessary physical quantities to describe the process and find them in chemical engineering tables and diagrams.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Tutorials
Summary
Předmět ukazuje, jak se dají procesy v průmyslu i v přírodě kvantitativně popsat a jak využít těchto poznatků při návrhu aparátů. Rozvíjejí se kvalitativní poznatky anorganické a organické technologie, přenosových jevů zejména proudění a sdílení tepla, bezpodmínečně nutné jsou dobré znalosti fyziky, fyzikální chemie a ovládání matematiky. Soustavně je procvičováno látkové a energetické bilancování technologických procesů a aplikace přenosových jevů při inženýrském modelování s využitím rozměrové analýzy vedoucí k pochopení principů škálování dějů a návrhu aparátů.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
Written and oral exam.
E-learning
Other requirements
Four semestral calculation programs focused on balances, fluid transport, and basic unit operations (filtration, heat exchangers, evaporation, drying, or distillation). Two written control tests.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
Lectures:
1. The subject of Chemical Engineering. Balance, equilibrium, kinetics. Conservation laws. Balanceable quantities, balance system, balance period. Inputs, outputs, accumulation, transformation.
2. Mass balancer. Extensive and intensive quantities. Density, concentration, gas laws. Balance of chemical reaction systems. Fictitious currents, stoichiometry.
3. Energy balance. Types of energy and transformation. The mechanical energy in a liquid environment. Kinetic, potential and pressure energy. Bernoulli's equation. Pressure loss. Pipe flow. Friction coefficient, resistance coefficient. Laminar and turbulent flow, Reynolds number. Roughness. Composition of flow resistances.
4. Supply of mechanical energy. Pumps. Positive displacement pumps, principles, design and operating peculiarities. Hydrodynamic pumps, principles, design and operating peculiarities of centrifugal pumps. Partitioning of solid-liquid mixtures. Filtration. Principle of cake filtration and quantities on which the filtration rate depends.
5. Filtration tests. Filtration with constant speed, pressure drop, pump characteristics. Industrial filters, nut, filter press. Sedimentation. Sedimentation, balance, suspension, sediment. Drop velocity of the particle. Ball fall - the influence of inertia forces, viscosity. Dimensional analysis, Reynolds number, resistance coefficient. Stokes law. Constant resistance.
6. Centrifugal force. Sedimentation centrifuge, current separator. Filtration centrifuge. Liquid retention in filter cake and sediment. Disturbed settling. Compaction of sediment. Dorr's settler. Sorting of particles based on different settling rates.
7. High and low-speed stirrers. Power input of stirrers. Suspendace. Fluidization. Threshold speed, drift speed.
8. Energy balance. Heat as a form of energy. Heat and temperature. Conservation laws, the definition of enthalpy. Significant elements in thermodynamic considerations. Heat capacity, enthalpy of phase and chemical changes. Engineering expression per unit of mass. Heat sources. Heat transfer. Heat, heat flux, heat flux density. Heat transfer coefficient. Conduction, radiation, convection. Thermal conductivity, Fourier's law. Composite material. Kirchhoff's laws. Temperature measurement.
9. Forced, and Free convection. Dimensional analysis, film theory. Nusselt number. Prandtl number. Grashoff number. Criterial equations. When radiation occurs. Radiation heat transfer patterns. Care. Negligence of some thermal resistances. Set temperature, set heat flow.
10. Stage devices. The equivalent stage for the Heat transfer unit. Co-current, counter-current heat exchanger. Thermal balance - driving force. Mass transfer gear unit.
11. Vapor pressure. Isobaric evaporation into the air. Evaporative heat. Boiling and condensation. Bubble and membrane boiling. Drop and film condensation. Steam heating. Multistage evaporator. Boiling under reduced pressure. Heat pump. Linde's column.
12. Overview of diffusion separation processes (distillation, absorption, stripping, extraction, adsorption, membrane separation, leaching, chromatography, etc.), equipment description and basic principles of the processes.
13. Liquid vapor equilibrium. Raoult's law. Classification of distillation processes. Equilibrium distillation. Repeated distillation. Principle of continuous rectification column. Injection, distillate, residue. Backflow. HETP height of the equivalent theoretical plate. Contacting gas with liquid. Tray and packed-bed columns.
14. Wet air. Saturated air. Absolute humidity. Relative humidity. Humidity measurement. Enthalpy of humid air. Wet air diagram. The moisture of solid and porous materials. Equilibrium humidity. The driving force of drying. Balance drying. Drying speed. Dryers. Air humidification. Water cooling by air. Cooling towers.
Computational exercises:
1. Mass and mass balance.
2. Mass and mass balance with chemical reaction.
3. Fluid transport, continuity equation, Bernoulli's equation, dissipation energy, pressure drop.
4. Pumps and compressors.
5. Filtration and sedimentation.
6. Check test I.
7. Heat transport and energy balance.
8. Rating and design calculation of heat exchangers.
9. Evaporators.
10. Drying.
11. Distillation and Rectification.
12. Absorption and Adsorption.
13. Extraction
14. Control test II.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction
Předmět neobsahuje žádné hodnocení.