651-2066/01 – Organic Chemistry and Chemistry of Fire Extinguishing Medias (OCHCHH)
| Gurantor department | Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes | Credits | 4 |
| Subject guarantor | doc. Ing. Lenka Kulhánková, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | doc. Ing. Lenka Kulhánková, Ph.D. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
| Year | 2 | Semester | summer |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2022/2023 | Year of cancellation | |
| Intended for the faculties | FBI | Intended for study types | Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
The goal of the subject is to provide students with principles of the organic chemistry with a focus on structure, physical, chemical, toxic and ecotoxicological properties of the major groups of organic compounds and to explain chemical fundaments of the fire extinguishing.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Summary
The course brings to students the basic knowledge about the structure, physical, toxic and ecotoxicological properties, reactivity (flammability and explosiveness) and industrial use of the most important groups of organic compounds with a focus on hydrocarbons and their oxygen, nitrogen and halogen derivatives. Extinguishing effects, extinguishing agents and combustion retarders are discussed so. In seminars is practiced topics of lectures.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
Written and oral exam.
E-learning
Other requirements
Passing of credit test.
Passing of the desired number of laboratory exercises and handing of laboratory protocols.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Binding properties of carbon atom (molecular orbitals, sigma- and pi- bonds, bond energy, bond polarity, hybridization, electron effects).
Seminary: Binding properties of carbon
2.Principles of the stereochemistry of organic compounds and writing structures (types of formulas and models). Polymerism and isomerism (constitutional- and stereo-isomers, chirality). Conformation. Intermolecular forces. The relationship between the structure and the properties of substances (boiling and melting points, solubility).
Seminary: Structure, formula, model, obtaining structural information from molecular formulas. Practice to the determining the type of isomerism.
3. The system and the nomenclature of organic chemistry. Organic compounds classification. Principles of the IUPAC nomenclature.
Seminary: Practice problems to the principles of IUPAC nomenclature.
4. Reactions of organic compounds and their mechanism. Classifying organic chemical reactions.
Homolysis and heterolysis of bonds to carbon. Radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic species. Molecularity, order and mechanism of the reaction. Reaction energetics and the theory of transition state (energy of activation, free-energy diagrams, reaction heat).
Seminary: Practice problems to the lecture.
5. Saturated hydrocarbons. Radical substitution. Cracking (uncatalyzed and catalyzed) and isomerization. Hydrocarbon resources and their utilization.
Seminary: Nomenclature of hydrocarbons.
6.Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Radical and ion additions to multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Resources and industrial utilization of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Seminary: Practice to the nomenclature of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
7. Aromatic hydrocarbons. Theory of the aromaticity. Reactions of aromatic compounds (nitration, sulfonation, alkylation, acylation, oxidation, catalytic hydrogenation). Petrochemical and coal-tar sources of aromatic hydrocarbons. Industrial utilization. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their toxicological risk.
Seminary: Nomenclature of aromatic hydrocarbons.
8. Halogen and hydroxy derivatives of hydrocarbons. Ethers. Properties, toxicology, applications. The most important reactions.
Seminary: Nomenclature of derivatives of hydrocarbons.
9. Nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons (nitro compounds, amines, heterocycles). Reactivity, properties, toxicology. Heterocyclic compounds.
Seminary: Nomenclature of nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons.
10. Carbonyl compounds. Reactivity (oxidation, reduction and addition to carbonyl group). Preparation and utilization.
Seminary: Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones.
11. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Acidity versus structure, neutralization. Reactivity of the carboxylic group (esterification, decarboxylation). Industrially the most important acids and their utilization. Derivatives of the carbonic acid (phosgene, urea and their sulfur analogues).
Seminary: Practice to the nomenclature and reactivity of carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
12. Water as an extinguishing agent. Reaction of water with substances. Physical and chemical properties of surfactants. Foam as an extinguishing agent.
Laboratory practice I
13. Halogenated hydrocarbons in fire-fighting technology. Ecological implications of the use of CFCs and halons. Fire extinguishing powders and aerosols. Fire-retardants.
Laboratory practice II
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction
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