651-3017/01 – Special Topics in Kinetics (VKK)
Gurantor department | Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes | Credits | 7 |
Subject guarantor | doc. Ing. Lenka Řeháčková, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | doc. Ing. Lenka Řeháčková, Ph.D. |
Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
Year | 1 | Semester | summer |
| | Study language | Czech |
Year of introduction | 2022/2023 | Year of cancellation | |
Intended for the faculties | FMT | Intended for study types | Follow-up Master |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
- to use of the kinetic equations for chemical first-order reactions,
second-order reactions and reactions of higher orders,
- to describe and analyse the reaction mechanism based on the kinetic data,
- to describe and qualified estimate kinetic parameters of chemical reactions,
- to apply obtained theoretical knowledge in tutorials and laboratory and on
selected processes of chemical practice.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Individual consultations
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Summary
This subject develops basic knowledge of physical chemistry; it applies basic principles of physical chemistry at the various heterogeneous a homogeneous reactions.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
FULL-TIME STUDY
List of conditions for obtaining of credit:
- required attendance at the exercises
- two written tests
- passing the required number of laboratory exercises, elaboration and defense
of laboratory protocols.
Points scoring for credit:
Min. number of points - 20
Max. number of points - 45
Points scoring for examination - combined examination.
The examination consists of two parts - written and oral examination.
Written examination (min. number of points - 5, max. number of points - 15)
Oral examination (min. number of points - 10, max. number of points - 40)
E-learning
Other requirements
No other activities are required.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
1. Terminology in chemical kinetics – reaction rate, rate equation, order of
reaction, rate constant, molecularity, reaction mechanism. Classification
of chemical reactions – simple and simultaneous reactions, homogeneous and
heterogeneous reactions.
2. Homogeneous reactions - integrated form of the kinetic equation
(first-order reactions, second-order reactions, third-order reactions,
nth-order reactions).
3. Kinetics of simultaneous reactions (reversible, parallel and consecutive
reactions) – kinetic description, rate-determining process.
4. Methods to determine reaction orders. Temperature dependence of the rate
of a chemical reaction - Arrhenius equation, possibilities of
determination of activation energy, preexponential factor.
5. Theory of chemical kinetics - collision theory, theory of absolute
reaction rates.
6. Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions, basic steps of heterogeneous reaction
- diffusion, adsorption, chemical reaction on phase interface.
Mechanism and mathematical description of diffusion – molecular,convection
and turbulent diffusion. Fick’s first and second law of diffusion,
diffusion flux. Diffusion (transport) limited reactions - basic principles
– external and internal diffusion.
7. Heterogeneous process with consecutive and concurrent steps, diffusion and
chemical resistance. Effect of various agents on diffusion kinetics.
Diffusion limited heterogeneous process - technological examples.
8. Surface phenomena and kinetics of reactions. Physical adsorption and
chemisorption. Surface properties of solid compounds, principles of
adsorption processes. Electronic structure and adsorption properties of
metals, adsorption on semi-conductors and insulators. Adsorption at the
solid/gas interface and solid-liquid interface.
Empirical a theoretical adsorption isotherms – Freundlich‘s and Langmuir´s
isotherms, BET model of adsorption isotherm. Temperature and pressure
effect on adsorption and desorption processes. Application of surface
processes – examples.
9. Kinetics of topochemical reactions, description and analysis of particular
periods. Kinetic curves. Nucleation of new phases. Influence of phase
interface on kinetics.
10. Experimental methods of chemical kinetics.
11. Principles of catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
Intermediate steps and kinetics of homogeneous catalytic reactions.
Acid-basic catalysis.
12. Kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, mechanism, basic ideas of
heterogeneous catalysis reactions. Catalysis by metals and non-metals.
Kinetics and mechanism gaseous compounds catalyzed by solid catalysator. Catalyst -
selection, active centres, catalysts selectivity, promoters, poisoning
and ageing of catalyst. Choice of catalyst – theory. Industrial
application of heterogeneous catalysis.
13. Enzyme-catalytic reaction, Michaelis constant, enzyme inhibition.
14. Reaction in solution (solvent as a catalyst). Fundamentals of
photochemistry.
Theoretical exercises:
- Introduction - introduction to exercise timetable, conditions for obtaining
credit and recommended reading. Kinetics of simple reactions. Integration of
kinetic equations (first-order reactions, second-order reactions and nth-
order reactions).
- Determination of the activation energy. Time monitoring the reaction by
measuring the properties of the additive.
- Simultaneous reaction. Parallel, reversible and consecutive reactions.
- Ideal isothermal reactors. Mass balance for batch and flow ideally stirred
reactor and plug flow reactors.
- Test of theoretical knowledge.
- Homogeneous catalysis. Acid-base catalysis.
- Calculation test
Laboratory exercises:
Determination of the activation energy of acetone iodination
- Polarimetric determination of sucrose inversion
- Study of the kinetics of oxidation of metals
- Study of the thermal decomposition rate of carbonate
- Determination of the reaction order complex reaction
- Homogeneous acid catalysis
- Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalysed iodide ions
- Kinetics of the photocatalytic decomposition of Orange III in the aqueous
phase
Conditions for subject completion
Conditions for completion are defined only for particular subject version and form of study
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction