653-2002/04 – Materials Science (NOM)
| Gurantor department | Department of Materials Engineering and Recycling | Credits | 7 |
| Subject guarantor | doc. Ing. Petra Váňová, Ph.D. | Subject version guarantor | doc. Ing. Petra Váňová, Ph.D. |
| Study level | undergraduate or graduate | Requirement | Compulsory |
| Year | 1 | Semester | winter |
| | Study language | Czech |
| Year of introduction | 2023/2024 | Year of cancellation | |
| Intended for the faculties | FMT | Intended for study types | Bachelor |
Subject aims expressed by acquired skills and competences
The student is able to:
- describe the basic crystal structure of solid substances;
- explain the basic thermodynamic concepts and their meaning in the study of materials;
- characterize the basic processes – solidification and phase transformations in the solid state – in single-component systems;
- distinguish the behaviour of two-component systems and describe eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic and peritectoid reactions;
- analyse more complex equilibrium two-component diagrams;
- describe the behaviour of metastable and stable iron-carbon systems and derive the properties of typical alloys;
- describe the strengthening mechanisms and basic procedures of heat treatment of materials;
- explain the basic tests of mechanical properties and the essence of mechanical properties;
- explain the strengthening mechanisms and procedures of heat treatment of materials;
- characterize individual groups of technical materials – metals, ceramics, polymers, composites in terms of their distribution, structure, properties, and use.
Teaching methods
Lectures
Tutorials
Experimental work in labs
Summary
The Materials Science course is intended for students in the lower years of bachelor's studies in technical fields. It summarizes findings from the crystal structure of solids, and the thermodynamics of solids. It describes the behaviour of one-component and two-component systems, of which the iron-carbon system, according to which steel and cast iron crystallize, is discussed in more detail. It deals with both the equilibrium state of the system, but also the state that arises under non-equilibrium cooling conditions. Basic tests of mechanical properties and the essence of mechanical properties are explained within the course. Strengthening mechanisms and basic procedures for the heat treatment of materials are briefly described. As part of the introduction to the study of materials, individual groups of technical materials – metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites – are characterized in terms of their distribution, structure, properties, and use. The subject aims to connect theoretical knowledge about the internal structure of materials and its influence on the properties and subsequent application of materials in practice.
Compulsory literature:
Recommended literature:
Way of continuous check of knowledge in the course of semester
Continuous verification of learning outcomes:
full-time study form - 2 written tests, 3 written programs during the semester;
combined study form - 3 written programs during the semester.
Final verification of study results: written and oral exam.
E-learning
LMS Moodle
Other requirements
There are no further requirements.
Prerequisities
Subject has no prerequisities.
Co-requisities
Subject has no co-requisities.
Subject syllabus:
Lectures:
1. Introduction to the study of materials. Basic types of materials used by humans during historical development; examples – gradual improvement of individual types of materials. Basic methods of studying the structure of materials and their limits.
2. Basic useful properties of materials - distribution, their importance in technical practice, basic mechanical tests (tensile test, hardness tests, Charpy impact test).
3. Internal structure of solids, crystallography basics, crystal structure disorders. Basics of diffusion.
4. Fundamentals of thermodynamics of solids; systems, components, phases; states of thermodynamic systems; Gibbs phase law. Single component systems; solidification in a single-component system, solid phase nucleation, critical nucleus size (stable, unstable mucleus), homogeneous vs. heterogeneous nucleation; phase transformations in the solid state.
5. - 7. Two-component systems and their equilibrium diagrams, basic types – system with unlimited solubility in the solid state, system with eutectic, peritectic reaction; system with eutectoid, peritectoid reaction. More complex two-component systems with phase transformations in the solid state and with intermediate phases.
8. - 10. System iron–carbon (Fe-C); metastable diagram; basic types of reactions; phase and structural description of the metastable diagram; basic structures in the Fe-C metastable system; calculations of phase and structural composition in the metastable Fe-C system.
11. Stable system Fe-C, differences compared to metastable system; graphite cast iron, distribution, basic characteristics. Basic phase transformations of austenite during cooling – diffuse (ferrite, pearlite), partially diffuse (bainite); diffusion-free (martensite) transformations.
12. Metals and their alloys - ferrous metals (steel, cast iron), non-ferrous metals (alloys of aluminium, copper, nickel), the most important examples; properties, use. Ceramic materials - porous and technical ceramics, examples, properties, uses.
13. Polymers - thermoplastics, reactive plastics and elastomers, the most important examples, properties, and uses. Composites - distribution of composite materials according to reinforcement (particle, fiber composites), distribution according to the matrix (polymer, metal, ceramic), examples, properties, use.
Practices:
1. Introductory practice – outline, credit conditions, safety of work in laboratories, basics of metallography (theory).
2. Basics of metallography - preparation of samples (grinding, polishing, etching - principles), metallographic microscopes (principle, magnification, resolution) - excursion in the metallographic laboratory.
3. Basic mechanical tests - tensile test, hardness tests, Charpy impact test (principle, samples, evaluation) - excursion in the mechanical testing room.
4. Evaluation of basic mechanical properties – PROGRAM No. 1 (5 points).
5. Fundamentals of crystallography – drawing directions and planes in a cubic lattice, calculating angles between directions and planes – PROGRAM No. 2 (5 points).
6. TEST 1 (6 points), introduction to binary diagrams, cooling curves.
7. Description of basic binary diagrams, and cooling curves (diagrams with eutectic and eutectoid, peritectic a peritectoid transformation).
8. Basic binary diagrams – calculation of proportions of phases and structural components using the lever rule.
9. More complex types of binary diagrams - PROGRAM No. 3 (5 points). Evaluation of samples of binary alloys – application of binary diagram, microstructure (silumins, brasses, bronzes).
10.-11. Fe-C metastable diagram – cooling curves, calculations of the proportion of structural components – (activity 1 point).
12. Observation of the microstructure of steels and cast irons with different carbon content. Basic methods of structural analysis, determination of the proportion of phases by the point method, determination of the size of structural components, application to microstructure (steels, non-ferrous metals, composites) (activity 1 point).
13. TEST 2 (7 points), credits.
Conditions for subject completion
Occurrence in study plans
Occurrence in special blocks
Assessment of instruction